I. Vss.23-24; Accused of Breaking the Sabbath
Exodus 20:8-11 “Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor, and do all your work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the LORD your God. On it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, your male servant, or your female servant, or your livestock, or the sojourner who is within your gates. For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh
day. Therefore the LORD blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy.
Exodus 31:13-14 “You are to speak to the people of Israel and say, ‘Above all you shall keep my Sabbaths, for this is a sign between me and you throughout your generations, that you may know that I, the LORD, sanctify you. You shall keep the Sabbath, because it is holy for you. Everyone who profanes it shall be put to death. Whoever does any work on it, that soul shall be cut off from among his people.
Deuteronomy 23:24-25; When you come into your neighbor’s vineyard, then you may eat grapes to your fill at your own pleasure, but you shall not put any in your vessel. When you come into the standing grain of your neighbor, then you may pluck the heads with your hand, but you shall not move a sickle into your neighbor’s standing grain.
- Reaping.—Gather the grain
- Threshing.—separating grain from the plant
- Winnowing.—blow a current of air through the grain
- Preparing food.—culminated as preparing it to eat.
II. Vss. 25-28; Jesus defends His Disciples
1 Samuel 21:1-6 Then David came to Nob, to Ahimelech the priest. And Ahimelech came to meet David, trembling, and said to him, “Why are you alone, and no one with you?” And David said to Ahimelech the priest, “The king has charged me with a matter and said to me, ‘Let no one know anything of the matter about which I send you, and with which I have charged you.’ I have made an appointment with the young men for such and such a place. Now then, what do you have on hand? Give me five loaves of bread, or whatever is here.” And the priest answered David, “I have no common bread on hand, but there is holy bread—if the young men have kept themselves from women.” And David answered the priest, “Truly women have been kept from us as always when I go on an expedition. The vessels of the young men are holy even when it is an ordinary journey. How much more today will their vessels be holy?” So the priest gave him the holy bread, for there was no bread there but the bread of the Presence, which is removed from before the LORD, to be replaced by hot bread on the day it is taken away.
The incident with David was a valid defense, because:
- It was a case of eating. (Like they were doing)
- It probably happened on the Sabbath (1 Samuel 21:6).
- It concerned not only David, but also his followers. (Same here)
Matthew 12:5-7; Or have you not read in the Law that on the Sabbath days the priests in the temple profane the Sabbath and are blameless? But I say to you that One greater than the temple is in this place. But if you had known what this is, “I desire mercy and not sacrifice,” you would not have condemned those who are not guilty.
Numbers 28:9-10: And on the Sabbath day two lambs of the first year without spot, and two-tenth parts of flour for a food offering, mixed with oil, and its drink offering; this is the burnt offering of every Sabbath, besides the continual burnt offering, and its drink offering.
Hosea 6:6; For I desired mercy and not sacrifice, and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings.
Psalm 51:17; the sacrifices of God are a broken spirit, a broken and a contrite heart; these, O God, You will not despise.
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